Health
Rotavirus Vaccine Side Effects
Written by : ozi Tuesday, 10 May 2011 10:34
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
Rotavirus is a virus that can cause gastroenteritis. It is the main head of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children.
The infection is spread by faecal-oral route. They are mainly the hands contaminated by the faeces of infected (as in a change of nappy for example) someone who convey the virus until the mouth of a third person (via the preparation of food for example). Direct contacts and the sharing of toys and beverages among young children are also the source of contamination. Rotavirus gastroenteritis is highly contagious. In the presence of a case, it is estimated that diarrhea occurs in ± 70% of household contacts less aged 3 years and ± 25% of those aged 18 years and over.
The virus may be present in the faeces of children infected already 4 days prior to the installation of diarrhea. It can stay in the saddle up to several weeks after healing. The resistant viruses survive several days on a solid surface and several hours on the skin.
IMPACT
In the French community, can be estimated that the incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis is similar to that of other European countries. Is estimated to 15.250/100.000 children of less than 5 years (that is to say that each year, over 100 children months to 5 years, a minimum of 15 will make this infection..)
It is estimated that at the age of 4-5 years, virtually all children presented an episode of gastroenteritis to rotavirus. The peak of incidence in the industrialized countries lies between the ages of 6 and 24 months, with a seasonal favorite for the winter (January to March).
The first episode is the most severe; reinfection are less severe. The usual complications are the muscular and hospitalization; mortality is very low (almost zero) in European countries. In Belgium, each year, more than 6,000 children would be hospitalized a rotavirus gastroenteritis.
The incidence of rotavirus infection is similar in developing countries and industrialized countries. Therefore, improving the level of living and hygiene does not control the transmission of the disease. In developing countries (especially in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Indian peninsula), the impact of rotavirus infections is considerable: it is estimated that these infections are responsible for daily death more 1,000 children aged of less than 5 years.
CALENDAR
Infant
Vaccination scheme chosen by the superior Health Council is
-for Rotarix ®, administration of 2 doses, at ages 2 and 3 months. The vaccine is administered orally (by mouth)
-for the RotaTeq ®, administration of 3 doses, at ages 2, 3 and 4 months. The vaccine is administered orally (by mouth)
The superior Health Council recommends complete vaccination before the age of 6 months.
No dose administration or catch-up vaccination is recommended beyond the age of 6 months.
The vaccine can be administered simultaneously with the recommended vaccination schedule hexavalent vaccine (diphtheria, tetanus, Pertussis, polio, Hib and hepatitis B) as well as with the heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine. In a simultaneous administration, it did not increase in the reactions of both vaccines, or decrease their effectiveness.
UNDESIRABLE EFFECTS
The vaccine is generally very well tolerated. After administration of the vaccine, the child may sometimes have moderate digestive disorders (diarrhoea, and vomissements…), loss of appetite, irritability.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Contraindications which must be taken into account are mainly the hypersensitivity to one of the constituents, a reaction at an earlier of a vaccine administration against rotavirus, a history of intussusception or the presence of malformations of the gastrointestinal tract are predisposing, known or suspected immunodeficiencyHIV positive status for human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus.
Vaccination will be post-posée in children with a severe febrile illness and in the presence of diarrhea or vomiting. For regurgitation after administration of the vaccine, a new dose can be administered.
In clinical trials, special attention was made to the risk of intussusception (or intussusception). These trials have been reassuring, showing no increased risk of intussusception. Tracked by pharmocovigilance (report of all adverse reactions encountered with the vaccine) is obviously in place, as with all drugs on the market.
Rotavirus Vaccine Side Effects
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